Technology Glossary
Plain-English explanations of key technology concepts — from AI and machine learning to web development and cloud computing. Written for Indian businesses and developers.
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Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence refers to computer systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence —…
Machine Learning (ML)
Machine Learning is a subset of AI where algorithms learn patterns from data without being explicitly programmed. Instea…
Deep Learning
Deep Learning is a specialised subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers (hen…
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Natural Language Processing enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP powers chatbots…
Computer Vision
Computer Vision enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world — images, videos, and rea…
Large Language Models (LLMs)
Large Language Models are AI systems trained on massive text datasets that can understand and generate human-like text. …
Generative AI
Generative AI refers to AI systems that can create new content — text, images, code, music, and video. Unlike analytical…
AI Chatbots
AI chatbots are software programs that use natural language processing and machine learning to simulate human conversati…
Transformer Architecture
The Transformer is a neural network architecture introduced in the 2017 paper "Attention Is All You Need" that revolutio…
Neural Networks
Neural networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks in the human brain. They consist of lay…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
CNNs are specialised neural networks designed to process grid-like data, particularly images. They use convolutional lay…
Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the algorithm learns from labelled training data — input-output …
Web Development
React Development
React is a JavaScript library created by Meta (Facebook) for building user interfaces. It uses a component-based archite…
Next.js
Next.js is a React framework that adds server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), API routes, and other …
Node.js
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime that lets you run JavaScript on the server side. Built on Chrome's V8 engine, it enables…
TypeScript
TypeScript is a strongly-typed superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft. It adds static type checking, interfaces, …
REST API
REST (Representational State Transfer) API is an architectural style for building web services that communicate over HTT…
Frontend Development
Frontend development is building the visual, interactive part of websites and web applications that users see and intera…
GraphQL
GraphQL is a query language for APIs developed by Meta (Facebook). Unlike REST where the server decides what data to ret…
Progressive Web Apps (PWA)
Progressive Web Apps use modern web technologies to deliver app-like experiences through the browser. PWAs can work offl…
Mobile Development
Flutter Development
Flutter is Google's open-source framework for building natively compiled applications for mobile (iOS and Android), web,…
React Native
React Native is Meta's framework for building native mobile apps using React and JavaScript. It enables web developers t…
Cross-Platform Development
Cross-platform development builds mobile applications that work on both iOS and Android from a single codebase. Instead …
Mobile App Development
Mobile app development encompasses the entire process of creating applications for mobile devices — from planning and de…
Cloud & Infrastructure
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing delivers computing resources — servers, storage, databases, networking, and software — over the internet…
DevOps
DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the development…
Docker
Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. Containers package an application…
Kubernetes (K8s)
Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerised applicatio…
Serverless Computing
Serverless computing lets you run code without managing servers. You write functions, upload them to a cloud provider (A…
CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment)
CI/CD automates the process of integrating code changes, running tests, and deploying to production. Continuous Integrat…
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
AWS is the world's largest cloud computing platform, offering 200+ services from data centres globally including Mumbai …
Data Science
Data Science
Data Science is the interdisciplinary field that uses statistics, machine learning, and domain expertise to extract insi…
Data Analytics
Data Analytics is the process of examining datasets to draw conclusions about the information they contain. Unlike data …
Big Data
Big Data refers to datasets so large or complex that traditional data processing tools can't handle them efficiently. Ch…
Business Intelligence (BI)
Business Intelligence encompasses the strategies, technologies, and practices for analysing business data and presenting…
Software Architecture
Microservices Architecture
Microservices architecture structures an application as a collection of small, independent services that communicate ove…
Single Page Applications (SPA)
A Single Page Application loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content as users interact with it, without fu…
API Integration
API integration connects different software systems by enabling them to communicate and share data through Application P…
Software Testing & Automation
Software testing verifies that applications work correctly and meets requirements. Test automation uses tools and script…
Git & Version Control
Git is a distributed version control system that tracks changes to code over time, enabling collaboration and history ma…
Databases
Business & Strategy
MVP (Minimum Viable Product)
A Minimum Viable Product is the simplest version of a product that delivers core value to early users and provides valid…
Agile Methodology
Agile is an iterative approach to software development that delivers working software in short cycles (sprints) rather t…
Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to fundamentally change how a business operates and …
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS delivers software over the internet as a subscription service rather than installed software. Users access applicat…
Product Development
Product development is the complete process of bringing a new software product from concept to market — encompassing ide…
Open Source Software
Open source software is software whose source code is freely available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute. From …
E-commerce Development
E-commerce development builds online stores and digital marketplaces where businesses sell products or services. India's…
Programming Languages
Fintech
Emerging Technology
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things connects physical devices — sensors, machines, vehicles, appliances — to the internet, enabling t…
Blockchain Technology
Blockchain is a distributed, immutable ledger technology that records transactions across a network of computers. Each b…
Embedded Systems
Embedded systems are specialised computer systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or el…
Design
UI/UX Design
UI (User Interface) design focuses on the visual elements users interact with — buttons, layouts, typography, colours. U…
Responsive Web Design
Responsive web design creates websites that automatically adapt to different screen sizes and devices — from mobile phon…
Web Accessibility (a11y)
Web accessibility ensures websites and applications are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. This inc…
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